This article discusses the potential link between cosmic and solar radiation and geological events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. It references studies indicating a correlation between solar activity and seismic occurrences, suggesting that fluctuations in solar radiation may influence Earth’s geophysical processes. The piece emphasizes the need for further research to understand the mechanisms behind this relationship and to assess the implications for disaster preparedness.
In late April 2015, observations indicated that the Sun was nearly devoid of sunspots, highlighting the ongoing weakness of Solar Cycle 24—the most subdued solar cycle in over a century. This period of minimal solar activity, following a notably deep solar minimum from 2007 to 2009, has implications for space weather and Earth’s climate. While reduced sunspot activity generally leads to fewer geomagnetic storms, it doesn’t eliminate the possibility of significant solar events. Historically, even during weak solar cycles, powerful storms like the Carrington Event of 1859 have occurred.
Research indicates that Earth may be due for a significant solar storm, similar to the 1859 Carrington Event, which could disrupt modern technology and infrastructure. Such an event could lead to widespread power outages, affecting millions and costing trillions. Advancements in space observation have improved our ability to anticipate these storms, but further preparation is essential to mitigate potential damage.
In May 2015, experts warned Congress about the severe vulnerability of the U.S. power grid to electromagnetic pulses (EMPs), which could disrupt electricity for millions for years. Despite the availability of protective technology and an estimated $2 billion safeguard cost, political delays hinder progress. Advocates urged for mandatory EMP protections in infrastructure, while states were encouraged to take independent action. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) initiated new standards to address these risks.
On April 21, 2015, NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) captured a six-hour-long prominence eruption resembling wings. The event was observed in extreme ultraviolet wavelengths, specifically 171 angstroms (gold) and 304 angstroms (orange), providing detailed visuals of the Sun’s dynamic activity.
A twisting magnetic flux rope on the Sun’s surface was observed leading to a solar flare, providing key insights into how solar magnetic fields release energy. This event highlights the role of flux ropes in triggering solar flares, which can affect Earth’s space weather and technological systems.
The long-standing mystery of why the Sun’s corona is millions of degrees hotter than its surface may be explained by “nanoflares,” tiny but frequent magnetic explosions in the corona. These small-scale events, occurring millions of times per second, release enough energy collectively to account for the extreme temperatures observed. This discovery advances our understanding of solar dynamics and has implications for studying space weather.
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can disrupt Earth’s technology by impacting power grids, satellites, communication systems, and aviation. These events cause geomagnetic storms that induce electrical surges, interfere with satellite signals, and disrupt high-frequency radio communication. While personal electronics are less affected, large-scale infrastructure faces significant risks. Mitigation strategies include hardening power grids, shielding satellites, and improving space weather forecasting to reduce disruptions.
Source: https://science.howstuffworks.com/solar-flare-electronics.htm
Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) have recently experienced geomagnetic storms firsthand, offering them extraordinary views of the aurora borealis directly outside their windows. These geomagnetic storms occur when solar winds interact with Earth’s magnetic field, creating stunning auroras visible from space. For more insights into space weather and its impacts, visit NASA’s science news page.
