As the Sun approaches the peak of its 11-year cycle, scientists warn of the increased likelihood of powerful solar storms that could disrupt Earth’s infrastructure. The 1859 Carrington Event, the most severe geomagnetic storm on record, caused global telegraph failures. A similar event today could incapacitate power grids, satellites, and communication systems, potentially leaving 20 to 40 million people without electricity for up to two years and resulting in economic losses between $0.6 trillion to $2.6 trillion. North America’s geological features and aging infrastructure make it particularly vulnerable. Improved computer models are being developed to better predict solar weather and mitigate these risks.

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